Verb forms

By Prof. Tushar Chavan

15

2378

Verb forms:

How different Verb Forms can be created?

Regular verb forms:

1) The suffix ‘-ed’ is used in the second (V2) and third (V3) forms of the verb in English.

इंग्रजीत क्रियापदाचे दुसरे (V2) व तिसरे (V3) रूप करताना ‘-ed’ हे प्रत्यय लावतात.

e.g.

V1	V2	V3
open	opened	opened
kill	killed	killed
work	worked	worked
call	called	called
accept	accepted	accepted

2) If there is ‘e’ at the end of the first form (V1) of the verb, only ‘-d’ is used in its second (V2) and third (V3) forms.

क्रियापदाच्या पहिल्या रूपाच्या शेवटी ‘e’ असल्यास त्याचे दुसरे व तिसरे रूप करताना फक्त ‘-d’ लावतात.

e.g.

V1	V2	V3
use	used	used
live	lived	lived
change	changed	changed
like	liked	liked
complete	completed	completed

3) If there is ‘-y’ at the end of the verb, then ‘-ed’ is followed by ‘i’.

क्रियापदाच्या शेवटी ‘-y’ असल्यास त्याला ‘-ed’ लावताना ‘-y’ चे ‘i’ होते.

e.g.

V1	V2	V3
cry	cried	cried
worry	worried	worried
try	tried	tried
study	studied	studied
copy	copied	copied

4) If there is a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) before ‘-y’, then ‘-y’ does not become ‘I’. It takes a straight ‘-ed’ as suffix.

जर ‘-y’ च्या आधी स्वर (a, e, i, o, u) असल्यास मात्र ‘-y’ चे ‘I’ होत नाही किंवा दुसरा काही बदल होत नाही. सरळ ‘ed’ लागते.

e.g.

V1	V2	V3
play	played	played
obey	obeyed	obeyed
stay	stayed	stayed
employ	employed	employed
enjoy	enjoyed	enjoyed

5) If there is a vowel before the last syllable in the first form (V1) of the verb, the last consonant is repeated when ‘-ed’ is inserted.

क्रियापदाच्या पहिल्या रूपात शेवटच्या अक्षरापूर्वी एक स्वर असल्यास ‘-ed’ लावताना शेवटच्या अक्षराची पुनरावृत्ती होते.

e.g.

V1	V2	V3
stop	stopped	stopped
beg	begged	begged
hop	hopped	hopped
plan	planned	planned
rob	robbed	robbed

6) If there are two vowels before the last letter, the last letter is not repeated.

जर शेवटच्या अक्षरापूर्वी दोन स्वर असल्यास शेवटच्या अक्षराची पुनरावृत्ती होत नाही.

e.g.

V1	V2	V3
look	looked	looked
boil	boiled	boiled
conquer	conquered	conquered
avoid	avoided	avoided
appear	appeared	appeared

Important about Verb forms

There are few exceptions to the above rules. But these are the most suitable rules for making different verbs forms. They are called regular verb forms.

वरील नियमांना काही अपवाद आहेत. परंतु भिन्न क्रियापदांचे फॉर्म बनविण्यासाठी हे सर्वात योग्य नियम आहेत. त्यांना नियमित क्रियापद फॉर्म म्हणतात.

Irregular Verb Forms:

Sr	V1	Marathi	V2	V3
	Base Form	Meaning	Past Simple	Past Participial
1	arise	उत्पन्न होणे	arose	arisen
2	awake	जागृत होणे	awoke	awoken
3	be (is, am,are)	असणे, होणे	was, were	been
4	bear	सहन करणे	bore	borne
5	beat	मारणे	beat	beaten
6	become	बनणे	became	become
7	befall	घडणे	befell	befallen
8	begin	सुरू करणे, सुरु होणे	began	begun
9	behold	पाहणे	beheld	beheld
10	bend	वाकणे	bent	bent
11	bet	पैज लावणे	bet	bet
12	bid	बोली लावणे	bid	bid
13	bind	बांधणे	bound	bound
14	bite	चावणे	bit	bitten
15	bleed	रक्त वाहणे	bled	bled
16	blow	धक्का	blew	blown
17	break	खंडित होणे	broke	broken
18	bring	आणणे	brought	brought
19	build	बांधणे	built	built
20	burn	जाळणे	burnt	burnt
21	buy	खरेदी करणे	bought	bought
22	catch	झेलणे	caught	caught
23	choose	निवडणे	chose	chosen
24	come	येणे	came	come
25	cost	खर्च होणे	cost	cost
26	creep	सरपटणे	crept	crept
27	cut	कापणे	cut	cut
28	dig	खणणे	dug	dug
29	dive	डुबकी मारणे	dove	dived
30	do	करणे	did	done
31	draw	काढणे	drew	drawn
32	dream	स्वप्न पाहणे	dreamt	dreamt
33	drive	चालवणे	drove	driven
34	drink	पिणे	drank	drunk
35	dwell	राहणे	dwelt	dwelt
36	eat	खाणे	ate	eaten
37	fall	पडणे	fell	fallen
38	feel	वाटणे	felt	felt
39	fight	लढणे	fought	fought
40	find	शोधणे	found	found
41	fly	उडणे	flew	flown
42	forbid	मनाई करणे	forbade	forbade
43	forget	विसरणे	forgot	forgotten
44	forgive	क्षमा करणे	forgave	forgiven
45	freeze	गोठवणे	froze	frozen
46	get	मिळवणे	got	gotten
47	give	देणे	gave	given
48	go	जाणे	went	gone
49	grind	दळणे	ground	ground
50	grow	वाढणे	grew	grown
51	hang	फाशी देणे	hung	hung
52	have	असणे	had	had
53	hear	ऐकणे	heard	heard
54	hide	लपवणे	hid	hidden
55	hit	मारणे	hit	hit
56	hold	धरून ठेवणे	held	held
57	hurt	दुखापत होणे	hurt	hurt
58	keep	ठेवणे	kept	kept
59	know	माहित असणे	knew	known
60	lay	घालणे	laid	laid
61	lead	आघाडी घेणे	led	led
62	leap	उडी मारणे	leapt	leapt
63	leave	सोडणे	left	left
64	lend	उधार देणे	lent	lent
65	lie	खोटे बोलणे	lay	lain
66	lose	हरवणे	lost	lost
67	make	बनवणे	made	made
68	mean	म्हणजे, अर्थ सांगणे	meant	meant
69	meet	भेटणे	met	met
70	pay	वेतन, देणे	paid	paid
71	put	ठेवणे	put	put
72	quit	सोडून देणे	quit	quit
73	read	वाचणे	read	read
74	ride	स्वार होणे	rode	ridden
75	ring	रिंग वाजणे,	rang	rung
76	rise	उदय होणे	rose	risen
77	run	धावणे	ran	run
78	say	म्हणणे	said	said
79	see	पाहणे	saw	seen
80	sell	विकणे	sold	sold
81	send	पाठवणे	sent	sent
82	show	दाखवणे	showed	shown
83	shut	बंद होणे	shut	shut
84	sing	गाणे म्हणणे	sang	sung
85	sit	बसणे	sat	sat
86	sleep	झोपणे	slept	slept
87	sow	पेरणे	sowed	sown
88	speak	बोलणे	spoke	spoken
89	spend	खर्च करणे	spent	spent
90	spin	सुत कातणे	span	spun
91	spit	थुंकणे	spat	spat
92	stand	उभे रहाणे	stood	stood
93	swear	शपथ घेणे	swore	swore
94	sweep	झाडणे	swept	swept
95	swim	पोहणे	swam	swum
96	take	घेणे	took	taken
97	teach	शिकवणे	taught	taught
98	tear	अश्रू येणे	tore	torn
99	tell	सांगणे	told	told
100	think	विचार करणे	thought	thought
101	throw	फेकणे	threw	thrown
102	tread	तुडवणे	trod	trodden
103	understand	समजून घेणे	understood	understood
104	undertake	हाती घेणे	undertook	undertaken
105	wake	जागे होणे	woke	woken
106	wear	परिधान करणे	wore	worn
107	weave	विणणे	wove	woven
108	weep	रडणे	wept	wept
109	wind	गुंडाळणे	wound	wound
110	win	विजय होणे	won	won
111	write	लिहणे	wrote	written